Madison arrived 10 days early in Philadelphia and kept busy. His study of the histories of republics was of republics from “classic” times (i.e., Greece and Rome) before events described in the New Testament and thus inherently not Christian. [FN56] 1/11

He notes Montesquieu’s dispute that the Lycian confederacy was a republic; he does not say its government was religious. [FN57] It existed in the 5th Century BCE, [FN58] and Madison cites it in regard to proportional voting. [FN59]…

James Madison (called “the Father of the Constitution”) [FN48] saw defects in the Articles of Confederation (“Articles”), [FN49] comparable “to the League of Nations.” Each State was a “sovereign” that could ignore a single-chamber Congress. [FN50] 1/10

Madison & others met in Annapolis & recommended on “the second Monday in May next” delegates from the States convene in Philadelphia and consider the “situation of the United States, to devise such further provisions as shall…

How do you evaluate whether the following statement is true: The United States was founded as a Christian country? You have to rely upon items that can be examined or reviewed by others. [FN40] Our inquiry is of events, their conclusion, and the nature of that conclusion. 1/11

The National Archives lists the Declaration of Independence [FN41], the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights as “instrumental to the founding and philosophy of the United States.” [FN42] The Declaration does not…

Factors/issues at play as States selected delegates who traveled, to meet in Philadelphia.

1) Travel to Philly was difficult and slow. “Muddy roads” and “spring rains” delayed many of the delegates, resulting in a delay of 11 days from the date set by Congress. [FN26] 1/17

2) Away fr family & business. Convened: May 25 [FN27] Adjourned: 9/17/1787. Messages went by letter & no faster than a rider on horseback. Some selected as delegates declined for fear that their…